What role do Nitrobacter bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrobacter bacteria play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by converting nitrite (NO2-) into nitrate (NO3-). This process is part of nitrification, where ammonia (NH3) is first oxidized to nitrite by another group of bacteria called Nitrosomonas, and then Nitrobacter takes over to further oxidize nitrite to nitrate. Nitrate is an essential nutrient that can be readily absorbed by plants, making this conversion vital for plant growth and maintaining soil fertility. Understanding this role helps highlight the importance of Nitrobacter in promoting soil health and agricultural productivity, as nitrate is a primary form of nitrogen that plants utilize for various physiological functions.