What role do mycorrhizal fungi play in plant health?

Mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in plant health by enhancing phosphorus uptake. These fungi form symbiotic relationships with the roots of many plants. In this partnership, the fungi extend mycelium into the soil, which increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Phosphorus is often present in forms that are not readily available to plants, but mycorrhizal fungi can access these phosphorus sources and transfer them directly to the plant. This relationship significantly improves the plant's ability to acquire essential nutrients, particularly in soils that are low in phosphorus, thus promoting better growth and overall health.

While other roles such as enhancing nitrogen fixation, aiding in water retention, and promoting soil aeration are important aspects of soil and plant health, they are not the primary function of mycorrhizal fungi. For example, nitrogen fixation is mainly related to specific bacteria, while water retention and soil aeration involve various soil components and organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi specifically excel at improving phosphorus uptake, making them integral to the nutrition and vitality of many plants.